Tuesday, 2 February 2016

Vegetable consumers may be exposed to health risks

TANZANIANS living in major cities and towns who consume vegetables grown in urban gardens are exposed to health risks including incurable diseases, health protection authorities have warned.
 
It is a normal practice for a new wave of city-based horticulture ‘entrepreneurs’ to water their gardens using just any liquid, including chemical spills from factories and sewerage from settlements hence feeding their consumers hazardous contaminants, they noted.
 
Since many vegetable consumers adhere to ‘just boil a little’ advice from nutritionists, inorganic compounds from industries find their way into consumers’ bodies in one hand while uncooked vegetable sandwiches and salads also allow sewerage bacteria into eaters’ stomachs on the other, they revealed.
 
Tanzania Food and Drugs Authority (TFDA) Manager in-charge of Food Risk Analysis, Candida Shirima told ‘The Guardian’ last week that contamination of vegetables with chemicals such as heavy metals or pesticides residues at levels above tolerated limits compromise safety of vegetables and therefore predispose consumers to health effects such as cancer, kidney failure and impairment of cognitive function in children. 
 
She said that the possible food safety hazards in vegetables grown in urban areas is contamination with chemicals such as heavy metals, which is caused by cultivation of vegetables in contaminated environment be it soil, air or water.
 
That leads to a question all vegetable lovers must ask; how safe is the environment—soil, air and water—in which your favourite veggies are grown in the city?
 
In many urban gardens especially in Dar es Salaam, it is common practice for the ‘entrepreneurs’ to use spills from factories or homes to water their gardens, most of which are strategically located along streams that flow waste water.
 
Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre’s Research Officer for Nutrition Training Walbert Mgeni said that   vegetables irrigated with sewerage and wastewater from factories pose health risks to consumers because they contain dangerous chemicals and bacteria.
 
He said that organic and inorganic contaminants on vegetables are dangerous to people’s health because not all of them can be destroyed through cooking. 
 
 “Organic compounds such as bacteria found in vegetables can be destroyed by cooking for a long time but chemicals which include heavy metals remain in vegetables and get into the body,” he said.
 
He said consumers of vegetables grown in urban gardens are at risk either way—if you cook it too much, you kill organic bacteria and the much-needed nutrients but metals remain, yet if you don’t cook, you get nutrients plus organic bacteria.
 
Mgeni said that consumption of such chemicals may result into health hazards such as cancer and other related diseases.
 
He said the only way to preserve nutrients in vegetables is to cultivate them in hygienic environment and irrigate them with clean water, which is not possible to achieve in city gardens.
 
Cultivation of vegetables in unhygienic environment such as use of sewage water may cause contamination of vegetables with pathogenic microorganisms, which may cause food borne disease especially when contaminated vegetables are eaten raw such as salads, Shirima said. 
 
She said that assurance of safety of vegetables is a daunting task since it is a cross-cutting issue that requires involvement of various sectors such as agriculture, environment, health as well as consumers. 
 
For example educating the farmers on good agricultural practices to avoid cultivation of vegetables in contaminated environment is done by agriculture sector while assurance of proper disposal of waste water from industries and household is done by the sector responsible for environment. 
 
She called upon the vegetable growers to observe good agricultural practices and avoid cultivation of vegetables in contaminated and unhygienic environment in order to avoid any possible contamination of vegetables with health risky contaminants such as heavy metals or pathogenic microorganisms and ensure proper application of pesticides to avoid pesticide residues in vegetables. 
 
Last month, scientists in Kenya sounded alarm over the safety of a number of foods sold in the country’s capital city, Nairobi, including a range of fruits such as bananas and apples, and vegetables especially kale, a staple popularly known as sukuma wiki. Others were milk and poultry.
 
The scientists said that the foods could be laced with toxic chemicals, reported the country’s daily papers.
 
“Tests on samples of foods in markets and supermarkets have shown dangerous levels of toxins like calcium carbide, hydrogen peroxide, polychlorinated biphenyl-laden transformer oil, formalin and lead,” the paper quoted public health experts and medical practitioners as saying, noting that the chemicals were responsible for a litany of ailments and complications.
 
French fries, popularly known as chips, and mandazi made in various estates of Nairobi were found to have transformer oil. The oil can be used for a long time without getting contaminated and thus saving vendors as much as 40 per cent of costs, Kenyan press eported.SOURCE: THE GUARDIAN

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